ABSTRACT
The present study shows the qualitative and quantitative histological changes in testes of albino rats treated with two doses of phosphamidon 35 and 50 parts per million(ppm) for 1 month time period. Rats were treated by drinking water containing 35 ppm (low dose) and 50ppm (high dose) concentration of phosphamidon for 30 days. After 30 days, they were sacrificed, the testes were fixed in vivo and were taken out. The histological slides of these testes were prepared and were studied under light microscope. The decrease in the weight of testes and diameter of seminiferous tubules, increase in the interstitial space, the decrease in the numbers of germ cells and supporting cells, Cytoplasmic vacuolization of the germ cells, distortion of seminiferous tubules were the findings of present study. phosphamidon seems to be toxic on male reproductive system if exposed for prolong period. The awareness regarding the impact of phosphamidon should be given to farmer and they should be encouraged to practice biological means to control pests and herbs instead of these harmful chemical compounds.
Subject(s)
Animals , Germ Cells/drug effects , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Male , Organophosphorus Compounds/administration & dosage , Phosphamidon/administration & dosage , Rats , Spermatogenesis/drug effects , Testis/drug effects , Water SupplyABSTRACT
Facial region has enormous blood supply. The maxillary vein, facial vein and superficial temporal vein are chief venous draining channels. There are numerous reports of unusual venous system of face, in the present case, retromandibular vein divides into anterior and posterior division soon after its formation, external carotid artery lying lateral to retromandibular vein, formation of common venous channel between internal jugular vein and anterior jugular vein where facial, lingual and submental vein drain.